The minimum cage size is 1.5 to 2 times your parrots wingspan! CLICK to find yours

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The wingspan of parrots

THE WINGSPAN OF PARROTS

Scott McDonald, DVM and Karrie Noterman  


I took this picture last year while hiking at Torres del Paine National Park in southern Chile.  It’s an Andean Condor.  This bird has the 4th longest wingspan of all birds…of which there are over 10,000 species.  Its wingspan approaches 11 feet, or 3.4 meters (340 cm).   Do you know what species has the longest wingspan?

 

I was approached earlier this year by Karrie Noterman, the owner of Natural Inspirations Parrot Cages.  She wanted to see if I would be interested in collecting data on the wingspan of as many of the commonly kept psittacine birds as possible.  The intent was to publish this information, which would help bird owners choose an appropriate sized cage or enclosure for their pet bird.

Over the course of 4 months, the wingspan of 456 birds representing 94 species were measured.  Ten individuals were the maximum number of measurements for any one type of bird.  In instances this number is less because of the rarity of the species.  
All measurements were taken on anesthetized birds.  The wings of each bird were fully extended and the reading was taken from the tip of the longest primary flight feather on each wing.  Only birds with intact primary flights were included in this study.   Accuracy is within ½ inch total span.   

 

We continuously hear and read that the minimum size (horizontal length) of a cage should be 1 ½ - 2 times the wingspan of the parrot housed there.  This is important because a bird should be able to totally extend its wings (in the cage) and flap them vigorously for exercise.  Remember, however, that the more perches, toys, food stations, etc. placed in the cage, the less space is available for adequate wing exercise.  Enrichment items AND open space are both necessary components of a parrots enclosure. 

 It is unfortunate, but most people house their birds in cages that are too small.   Some people simply can’t afford a large cage or they don’t have enough room.  Others may rationalize that a small cage is a place of refuge and safety for their bird.

In the wild, parrots find security from threatening situations by flying away or moving to the top of nearby trees.  In captivity, birds will also try to move up and away when scared.  Unrestrained pets will try to get to one’s shoulder or head or fly up on curtain rods, ceiling beams, etc.  Caged birds will move to the furthest part of the enclosure and/or fly panicky back and forth looking for a way of escape.  


           Small cages do not provide security. 


Studies have shown that when presented with larger enclosures, even though some birds may be fearful at first, they eventually acclimate and prefer the addition of added space.

“In my opinion it is cruel and inhumane to keep birds, as highly intelligent and energetic as parrots, in cages that are so small that they cannot fully spread their wings”. – Scott McDonald, DVM

  Larger cages and enclosures are better than small ones.  For birds that are out of the cage most of the day, 1 ½ times the parrot’s full adult wingspan is the minimum enclosure size.  For those birds that spend considerable time in their cages, 2 times the parrot’s full adult wingspan is recommended.  Ideally pet birds should be encouraged to spend time out of their cage, not only for exercise but for social interaction with humans and other birds.  However, spending significant amounts of time outside the cage does not justify smaller housing.  For whatever length of time the bird is caged, the animal should be allowed a certain freedom of movement within its enclosure.

 

 So what is the wingspan of parrots?  They are listed below in the designated categories.  Wingspan values listed are an average of all the birds sampled for each species.  In general, the more a bird weighs, the longer the wingspan


   51 inches     Longest individual wingspan (Hyacinth Macaw)

9.50 inches            Shortest individual wingspan (Parrotlet)


The large macaws have the largest wingspan of all parrots.  Interestingly, all the largest species have about the same wingspan (within 6 inches).  A few hybrids are included.  This means the cage you would house a Hyacinth in is the same cage you should house your blue and gold in!

 

Note:  

The cage sizes for the small parrots seem very small.  Remember that the ratio of space given to a budgie for 1.5 times his wingspan is the same amount of space provided to a macaw in an enclosure 1.5 times their wingspan, even though the macaw cage seems enormous and the budgie cage seems tiny. 


 The goal of this paper is to give parrot owners accurate data and appropriate perspective!  The cage on the right is 12" wide. It houses a budgie with a 12" wingspan.  Does this cage look too small?  This would be the same space, the same ratio, as a lare macaw in a 4 wide cage with a 4 foot wingspan.  The typical 3 x 4 dome tops often marketed as "macaw" cages....Look at the budgies again.  Same space.


The enclosure sizes listed below for each species are readily available cage sizes based on 1.5 and 2 times the parrot’s full adult wingspan dimensions.  If you think the cage sizes shown are too small, great!

 So do we.  Provide them larger ones!   

Our recommendation

 The 110x62 is our recommended minimum cage size for a large macaw.  They have long tails, big wings, an extremely playful nature, and are commonly rehomed due to screaming - a behavior boredom contributes to heavily.  They enjoy hanging upside down, are great at foraging, and love to swing.  All of these behaviors, and their corresponding toys, take up space.  While the medium walkin is acceptable for birds who are rarely in their cages.  If your macaw spends any significant time in their enclosure they would surely appreciate the extra space.  The extra large and extra long are definitely enjoyed if you have the space. No cage is too large.  We have also included the Caninde or Blue Throated Macaw in with this recommendation.  They may be smaller in physical size, but buckle up!  They are big macaws on the inside and full of energy.  

Walkin Aviaries

Our walkin aviaries come in 5 sizes.  

We stock two colors: black and platinum grey.  And have Stainless Steel available for order.

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Our recommendation

Small macaws are a joy to be around.  They are silly, playful, and animated parrots.  The red front and severe macaws can be housed in 1" bar spacing enclosures.  The smaller macaws would do well in 1/2" spacing cages.  Fortunately we manufacture all of our enclosures in both the 1" and 1/2" spacing!  Even the smallest birds fly miles per day.  A mile is 5,280 feet.  A 6' or 8' cage is not so large even for the little guys.  Normalizing appropriate space for parrots is our goal at Natural Inspirations Parrot Cages!  The walkin aviaries are great for any of these guys.  If flight capability is important to you inside their cages, the walkins will still be needed to give the red front, severe, illiger, etc enough space to actually fly.  If flight in not a requirement, the 8040 is a great choice as well.  With the 6432 working well if you have space restraints.  We even recommend this size for the smaller of the small macaws.  If you think it looks "huge" wait till you put these zoomy guys in there.  They will use every inch! 

Walkin Aviaries

Our walkin aviaries come in 5 sizes.  

We stock two colors: black and platinum grey.  And have Stainless Steel available for order.

Shop all cages

Our recommendation

Amazons can be engaging feathered family members.  With their pinned eyes, flared tails, and crazy mumbling, talking, and singing they are a lot of fun.  That being said, many amazons can be territorial and hormonal after reaching sexual maturity.  They are commonly responsible for some of the worst bites I've ever seen.  And they are notorious for being unpredictable biters, even to their chosen person, during the breeding season.  Therefore it is our recommendation of the 8040 for the amazons.  The 8040 has a removable divider which can be easily inserted into the cage, dividing it in half.  This allows people (the bird sitter, the unchosen spouse, you during breeding season) to safely clean, service, pick up a fallen toy, etc from the cage at any point in time.  The 6432 and the 5024 also have dividers.  However, amazons tend to be perch potatoes and are at risk of obesity, arthritis, and other health concerns.  It's important to have a large cage where you can put desired items all around to encourage exercise and good foot health.  The other consideration is the possible aggression (often amazons will attack other family members, pets, visitors, etc) witch consequently means amazons often spend more time in their cages than other parrots.  They deserve a good quality of life and knowing their tendencies, we owe it to them to make appropriate accommodations.    

Divided Cages

Our Divided 8040 comes in both 1" and 1/2" bar spacing.  We stock two colors: black and platinum grey.  And have Stainless Steel available for order.

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Our recommendation

The African parrots are such a diverse group of birds, we don't have a global recommendation for them.  We'll start with the little guys.  The larger poicephalus, and even for the lovebirds we recommend the 6432 or 5024 at minimum.  These are playful birds that will enjoy and appreciate the space.  As for the vasa parrots - these birds are one of the most "flight-centric" parrots.  They fly constantly!  And their enclosure size should reflect that.  We recommend at the very smallest the 110x62 but realistically the 16062 extra long to allow actual flight within their enclosure.  These are high energy animals that need large amounts of open space to exercise continuously throughout the day.  

African Greys enclosure size cannot be calculated well with wingspan numbers.  We're not housing their physical bodies - we're housing their brains!  African grey are extremely intelligent and they are prone to feather destructive behavior.  You are not only housing their little grey bodies, but also their numerous foraging toys, their music box, their puzzle toys, their noise making toys, etc.  Plan accordingly!  Timneh greys do well in the 1/2" bar spacing.

All Enclosures

All of our enclosures come in 1" and 1/2" bar spacing.  We stock two colors: black and platinum grey.  And have Stainless Steel available for order.

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Our recommendation

The parrotlets and parakeets are great birds for the 5024.  These little guys are playful and in constant motion.  The 5024 will give them the space to thrive.  Of course don't hesitate to put them in a walkin also as they would love it!  No cage is too big.  We're just talking minimum recommendations here to accommodate basic needs and range of motion.

 The other species we recommend the 6432 in 1/2" bar spacing, or larger.  The birds in their own rights definitely deserve the space.  But also, this group of birds - conures, quakers, pionus, and caiques - do well in pairs or groups when properly socialized.  And they are readily available species, especially conures which are overflowing many rescue organizations and are found in almost every bird store across the country.  Parrots are incredibly social creatures.  So we recommend the larger 6432 for these guys in the hopes that you will acquire 2 or more compatible birds and offer them an increased quality of life by allowing parrot companionship.  *Note - research proper introduction techniques.  Do not just put any two parrots together as aggression can occur.  Reach out to qualified behaviorists.

All divided cages

All of our enclosures come in 1" and 1/2" bar spacing.  We stock two colors: black and platinum grey.  And have Stainless Steel available for order.

Shop divided cages

Our recommendation

The cockatoos are an endearing species!  Smart, playful, and social they're hard not to fall in love with!  However, they are one of the most challenging parrot species in the world and this is reflected in how frequently they are rehomed and the number of birds in rescue organizations.  This is another species that we move away from the wingspan numbers to gauge acceptable housing standards.  Cockatoos are prone to excessive screaming (boredom), feather destructive behavior, and self mutilation.  They are large, high energy birds, that are not only playful but also extremely destructive.  These birds require - and deserve - the very largest of housing.  They also have a very broad range of movement.  They climb, hang, fly, run, flap, and hop hop hop!  For these guys, you're housing their endless energy, their playfulness, their curiosity, and their intelligence.  And to top things off cockatoos spend a large amount of time on the ground.  This natural wild behavior is seen in our pets as they spend time playing on the bottom of their cage.  So you will need enough space for their cardboard box and foot toys where there are no perches above them to avoid getting pooped on so they have a clean place to play.   Everyone of these species, especially the goffins who are balls of energy, are recommended to be in an 8040 or walkin at absolute minimum.  The 110x62 large walkin is our recommended minimum for the largest cockatoos.     

Walkin Aviaries

All of our enclosures come in 1" and 1/2" bar spacing.  We stock two colors: black and platinum grey.  And have Stainless Steel available for order.

Shop Walkin Aviaries

Our recommendation

The smaller australian and asiatic parrots such as the plum headed parakeet, red rumped, scarlet chested and the rosey bourke are great choices to house in the 5024, which will allow flight for these guys.  The other parrots, although still technically parakeets, have long beautiful tails and a naturally flighty personality which makes their recommendations the 6432 in 1/2" bar spacing.  The extra space will keep your birds looking beautiful and healthy!

The cockatiels and Budgies will get a special mention here.  These adorable, underrated, little parrots both have a very special thing in common.  They're incredible gregarious!  Both cockatiels and budgies can be easily introduced and housed together by even novice aviculturists with supervision.  Housing these parrots in pairs or flocks is a wonderful, kind, unselfish thing to do for these birds.  Having others of the same species to interact with all day long is incredibly enriching.  And considering the overwhelming availability, ease of introduction, and affordable cost of the birds- there really is no reason to house these parrots alone.  They will not bond and reject human companionship nor lose their tameness when allowed friends.

This being said, one of my favorite orders is a medium walkin with 1/2" spacing for a flock of cockatiels or budgies!  If we are able to give these parrots an exceptional quality of life - lets do it!!  If you are considering either of these species, I encourage you to plan for a flight cage with a small flock. They will fit it a small, but the medium is the better choice (and larger) as it gives you the length to allow these guys the room to fly.  In the 62x62 walkin they turn more to hops.     

All Enclosures

All of our enclosures come in 1" and 1/2" bar spacing.  We stock two colors: black and platinum grey.  And have Stainless Steel available for order.

Shop All Cages

 

So, which species have the longest wingspan?  These are the top 4.

Wandering Albatross            12.0 feet         360 cm        3.6 meters

Great White Pelican             11.8 feet         360 cm        3.6 meters

Marabou Stork                      11.0 feet         340 cm        3.4 meters

Andean Condor                     11.0 feet         340 cm        3.4 meters


 

Cage Size Requirements:

The following cage size references are just a few of the many we found echoing our minimum cage size requirements.  These recommendations were directly quoted from public websites, printed books, downloads available for free to the public, and in store literature.  In other words, openly advertised information intended for the general public.  These are the recommendations of the largest pet stores, rescue organizations, veterinary colleges, avian authorities, and popular websites in the country.  The vote is in – 1½ to 2x’s is the minimum size enclosure required for your pet bird, with many recommending 3 or 4 times their wingspan or with room for flight.  So now it’s your turn!  Measure your bird’s cage, then find their wingspan and cage size minimums in the chart above.   How do they measure up?


Purdue University, College of Veterinary Medicine:

"When purchasing a bird, consider its wingspan;  the cage you house the bird in should be at least twice the bird’s wingspan in width, length, and depth."


avianwelfare org:

"Cages for singly-housed larger birds should be at least one and a half times

 the birds’ natural wing span in all directions.  Ideally all birds should have cages/aviaries large enough to accommodate flight."


Animal World: 

"The ideal size of any bird cage should be equal to at least 3 flight wingspans of the bird."

 

Natural Inspirations Parrot Cages:

"Birds that spend any significant amount of time in their enclosures, we absolutely recommend twice your parrots adult wingspan.  Those that use their cages for sleeping only or are out the vast majority of every day, a minimum cage size of 1.5 times the length of their wingspan can be acceptable.  Spending significant amounts of time outside the cage does not justify smaller than wingspan housing. For whatever length of time a parrot is caged, the animal should be allowed a certain freedom of movement within its enclosure."


The Gabriel Foundation: 

"Minimum cage sizes: Parrot species need a minimum of 2-3 x the wingspan in width and depth"


Drs. Foster and Smith: 

"For larger birds, we recommend at least 1-1/2 times your bird's adult wingspan in width, depth, and height.  For smaller birds, a flight cage. 


Petco: 

"A cage at least twice the bird's wingspan and twice the bird's height from top of head to tip of tail with metal bars spaced close enough to prevent injury makes a good home for your small hookbill; as with all animals, it is best to provide the largest habitat possible; a flight cage is strongly recommended."


Pet Solutions.com: 

"When it comes to choosing the size of a bird cage, the rule of thumb is to buy a cage that is four times the height of a pet bird, as well as four times as wide. It's not a bad idea, however, to keep in mind that the bigger the cage, the better."


Pet education.com: 

"Cage Size for medium to large size birds, the cage living area (does not include space between floor grate and tray floor) should be a minimum of 1-1/2 times your bird’s adult wingspan in width, depth, and height. This allows comfortable movement and may reduce the risk of feather damage. For smaller birds, a cage should provide the room needed for flying."


Book: The Ultimate Guide to Parrots: 

"Take the wingspan and multiply by three. This gives you an idea of the smallest depth the cage should be.  Now multiply by 2.5 the wingspan for the minimum width of the cage.”


Petsmart: 

"Cage Size & Shape

Birds use the width of their cage more than they use the height, and the cage should be twice the width of the bird’s wingspan.”


Bird Cage Portal and Kings Cages have the exact same recommendation on their websites:

"At the very minimum the width of the cage should be 1-1/2 times as wide as your bird's wingspan.  When selecting your bird cages keep in mind that essential perches, toys and other fun bird-safe accessories quickly fill a cage.  So you'll do your feathered friend a favor by providing him a comfortably large living area that will accommodate all the essential items that make his house an enjoyable "home" in which to spend his time."


Book:  A Parrot Breeders Answer Book: 

" As a rule of thumb, a cage for a single pet parrot should be at least one and a half times the width of the bird’s wingspan.  This is a minimum recommendation.  In most cases, bigger is better.”


Wyld Wingdom: 

"A general rule of thumb is that for large birds, the interior living space of the cage should be at least 1.5 times the bird’s adult wingspan – in depth, width and height.”


Centurion Cages: 

“Parrot cages should be housed in, at a minimum, an enclosure 1.5 times a birds wingspan in length if they spend only a short amount of time in them.  Birds who spend hours at a time in their cages should have twice their wingspan.”

.

Ebay Bird Cage Buying Guide: 

"No matter what species the bird belongs to, though, the cage must be big enough to allow space for walking, climbing, and flying. A good cage, even for a small bird, is much bigger than what most people picture when they think of a bird cage. Exactly how big is big enough varies depending on which expert makes the recommendation, but a width three times as wide as the bird’s wingspan is a good place to start. This means a budgie with a 10-inch wingspan needs a cage almost 3 feet wide on its shortest side.”


Impulse Parrots Pet Store: 

" As a rule, we at Impulse Parrots like to recommend that your bird’s cage needs to be at least 2-3 times the width of your birds wing span.  This way the bird cage will be plenty large enough for your bird to flap its wings and get plenty of exercise as well as having room for all your bird’s toys.

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